Introduction The violations witnessed in Syria since 2011, especially the army and security services’ use of severe violence, resulted in nearly half of Syria’s population, around 5...
First: Introduction and Prelude The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) was not coincidental but its ascent lasted for almost a decade amid an accumulation of consequentia...
First: Introduction and Prelude The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) was not coincidental but its ascent lasted for almost a decade amid an accumulation of consequentia...
Preface The year 2018 witnessed major changes on the political and field levels. Most of the changed have resulted from the processes that have started in the previous years. Russia and Iran have end...
Preface This summer witnessed dramatic field developments as the regime and its allied foreign forces were able to take control over the Syrian south shortly after taking control of Damascus countr...
War Economy in Syria Funding and inter-trade relations between the conflicting forces in syria Preface The last seven years have caused transformations in all parts of Syria. The tota...
Preface With the outbreak of public protests in Syria, the Arab League issued a decision to suspend Syria’s membership in the league during an urgent meeting held by Arab foreign minist...
Preface The use of the term “security” among armed opposition factions emerged in the beginning of 2012. It spread among grass-roots communities and armed factions present outside...
Preface The conflicting parties in Syria have failed to achieve absolute deterrent victories that might have allowed one side to impose its ambition at the expense of the other. This made a consens...
Preface June 19th, 2018 is considered the actual end date of the de-escalation deal in southern Syria. The deal brokered by Russia, Jordan and the United States was put to an end as the Syrian regi...
First: Introduction Turkey will hold presidential and parliamentary elections on June 24. The elections were originally due in November 2019; however, President Erdoğan announced early elections la...
Preface The year 2017 has witnessed dramatic changes in the Syrian arena after many years of stability between different forces and actors. The three regional actors (Russia, Turkey, and Iran) have b...
